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Find It! Immigration in the Industrial Age

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All the resources that appear in this unit are gathered here for you—the photographs, maps, objects, audiovisuals, documents, videos, biographies, and vocabulary words. Click on the image below to see a larger view of each resource with more information about each one. On some of the resources you can even zoom in and get a closer look. So go ahead, dive in, and explore. Before you know it, you’ll be thinking like a historian.

Mason looking though binoculars

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Photographs & Prints

Audiovisuals in this Unit:

Mason Presents: French Canadian Fiddle Music
Mason Presents: Jewish Immigration to Manchester

Documents in this Unit:

A pale brown paper booklet written in a different language than English. The booklet is not very wide, but is long. There is a tear on the paper cover in the top right-hand corner.
Booklet of Practical Information
An old newpaper with a large title placed in the center of the newspaper along the top border. Below this title is a smaller title, with very small words placed in columns below it. To the right of the text is a drawing of a tall man in a top hat, suit, and striped pants, pointing straight at the reader. All of the text is written in a different language than English.
Greek-Language Newspaper
A pale brown document written in a different language than English. The document is not very wide, but is long. A drawing of a large mill building is placed along the top border of the document. Below the drawing is the title of the document, which reads "L'AVENIR NATIONAL." All of the text on the document is written in black text.
Job Advertisement from L'Avenir
A sheet of paper covered in cursive writing. The writing is in black ink on white paper.
Letter from E. E. Sturtevant to George W. Sturtevant (1 of 2)
A sheet of paper covered in cursive writing. The writing is in black ink on white paper.
Letter from E. E. Sturtevant to George W. Sturtevant (2 of 2)
A flier with black ink printed on aged, wrinkled paper. The flier reads in dark bold letters "No Democrat or Irish NEED APPLY."
No Democrat or Irish Need Apply
A cutting from a newspaper has one column of information, divided into many fonts and sizes of text. One image of a circus is in the middle, showing horses, a tent, and various other scenes of the circus. The text is in French, and reads in part "MANCHESTER, LUNDI, 17 JUIN, 1895 ... RINGLING Brothers."
Ringling Brothers Circus Advertisement
A horizontal postcard with a colored photograph on the left and black text on a white background on the right. All of the text is written in a different language than English. The photograph has different foods placed on plates of varying sizes. All of the plates sit on a wooden table.
Russian Recipe Card
A colored photograph is of a baptism certificate. The baptism certificate is framed by spiral designs and colorful lines in brown, blue and green. There is an oval in the center of the page, surrounded by pink and yellow roses to its left. At the top of the oval are two green leaves with ribbons and small flowers in an oval-shape surround words from the Bible in Swedish. Underneath this are the details of the baptism, which are both hand-written and typed in Swedish in a cursive font.
Swedish Baptismal Certificate

Explainer Videos and Virtual Field Trips in this Unit:

Mason Asks: What Were the Amoskeag Mills?
Mason Explains: How Immigrants Traveled
Mason Explains: Melting Pot Versus Salad Bowl
Mason Explains: Push-Pull Factors

Maps & Charts in this Unit:

A map of eastern Canada and the northeast the United States. The states in the United States are all gray, except for New Hampshire, which is colored in black, while the Canadian province of Quebec is colored in red. On top of the map of Canada is a white text box outlined in black, with black text, which reads "French Canada/38,277."
French Canada and the Great Wave
A map of New Hampshire labeled “New Hampshire Statewide Map Atlas TOWN BOUNDARIES” in the top left corner. The state is outlined in a thick black line. All ten counties are outlined. All New Hampshire towns are labeled and their boundaries are marked with dashed lines. The towns of Berlin, Gorham, Lebanon, Laconia, Franklin, Franklin, Newport, Keene, Jaffrey, Pembroke, Allenstown, Hooksett, Goffstown, Manchester, Rochester, Somersworth, Rollinsford, Dover, Epping, Exeter, Portsmouth, Greenville, Nashua, and Plaistow are colored in purple.
Great Wave French-Canadian Communities
A map of New Hampshire labeled “New Hampshire Statewide Map Atlas TOWN BOUNDARIES” in the top left corner. The state is outlined in a thick black line. All ten counties are outlined. All New Hampshire towns are labeled and their boundaries are marked with dashed lines. The towns of Farmington, Rochester, Somersworth, Dover, Concord, Manchester, and Nashua are colored in bright blue.
Great Wave Greek Communities
A colored map of the United States and Europe. Many of the countries are in gray, while 10 countries are in different colors. Next to each colored country is a white text box outlined in black, with black text.
Great Wave Immigrants to New Hampshire
A map of New Hampshire labeled “New Hampshire Statewide Map Atlas TOWN BOUNDARIES” in the top left corner. The state is outlined in a thick black line. All ten counties are outlined. All New Hampshire towns are labeled and their boundaries are marked with dashed lines. The towns of Lebanon, Franklin, Laconia, Concord, Pembroke, Allenstown, Rochester, Somersworth, Rollinsford, Dover, Manchester, Exeter, and Nashua are colored in green.
Great Wave Irish Communities
A map of New Hampshire labeled “New Hampshire Statewide Map Atlas TOWN BOUNDARIES” in the top left corner. The state is outlined in a thick black line. All ten counties are outlined. All New Hampshire towns are labeled and their boundaries are marked with dashed lines. The towns of Berlin, Franklin, Concord, Keene, Manchester, Portsmouth, and Nashua are colored in blue.
Great Wave Jewish Communities
A map of New Hampshire labeled “New Hampshire Statewide Map Atlas TOWN BOUNDARIES” in the top left corner. The state is outlined in a thick black line. All ten counties are outlined. All New Hampshire towns are labeled and their boundaries are marked with dashed lines. The towns of Claremont, Franklin, Somersworth, Dover, Rollinsford, Manchester, Hinsdale, and Nashua are colored in dark pink.
Great Wave Polish Communities
A map of New Hampshire labeled “New Hampshire Statewide Map Atlas TOWN BOUNDARIES” in the top left corner. The state is outlined in a thick black line. All ten counties are outlined. All New Hampshire towns are labeled and their boundaries are marked with dashed lines. The towns of Berlin, Lincoln, Claremont, Newport, Manchester, Derry, Newmarket, and Portsmouth are colored in dark yellow.
Great Wave Russian Communities
A map of New Hampshire labeled “New Hampshire Statewide Map Atlas TOWN BOUNDARIES” in the top left corner. The state is outlined in a thick black line. All ten counties are outlined. All New Hampshire towns are labeled and their boundaries are marked with dashed lines. The towns of Berlin, Concord, Swanzey, Manchester, and Bedford are colored in orange.
Great Wave Scandinavian Communities
A colored map of the United States. The states in the top horizontal half of the map, from the right edge until the vertical fold at the center of the map, is colored in groupings of dark red and tan. The lower half of that side of the map is colored in light tan. The states to the left of the vertical fold are colored in white with scattered sections of light tan. The title of the map, centered along the upper border, reads "32. DISTRIBUTION OF THE FOREIGN BORN POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES: 1890" in black text.
Immigrant Communities in the United States
A colored horizontal map of the world. Most of Europe, Asia, South America, some of Africa, and all of Canada are colored in red. The United States is colored in blue, while the remaining countries are colored in gray.
Immigration to New Hampshire Today
A map of Ireland, colored in green. Next to the map is a white text box outlined in black, with black text, which reads "Ireland/7,908."
Ireland and the Great Wave
A map of New Hampshire labeled “New Hampshire Statewide Map Atlas TOWN BOUNDARIES” in the top left corner. The state is outlined in a thick black line. All ten counties are outlined. All New Hampshire towns are labeled and their boundaries are marked with dashed lines. The towns of Northumberland and Berlin are colored in green. The towns of Conway, and Concord are colored in bright blue. Nashua is colored in half bright blue and half purple. The towns of Laconia, Rochester, and Dover are colored in purple. Half of Manchester and half of Nashua are colored in purple. The other half of both towns is colored in dark pink.
Major 19th-Century Industries of New Hampshire
A bar graph is titled "Population of New Hampshire, 1850--1930". The Y-axis shows numbers from 50,000--400,000, increments of 50,000. The X-axis is labeled by years in decade increments from 1850--1920. There are two pieces of data for each year: blue shows "Born in the U.S." and orange shows "Born in another country." The blue bars hover around 300,000 and rise to 350,000 by 1920. The orange bars start at a fraction of 50,000 and rise to 100,000 by 1920.
Population of New Hampshire, 1850—1930

Objects in this Unit:

A colored image of a black hat. The hat has a green ribbon around the circumference and a black visor. The green ribbon is framed by two pieces of golden rope. There are two pieces of this gold rope above the visor, with knots placed on each end, and held in place by a small gold button. Above the green ribbon, on the blue felt of the hat rests a golden wreath. In the middle of the wreath is the number “1” and the letters “AOH”.
Ancient Order of Hibernians Hat
A wooden box with a drawer on the lower half is topped by a metal crank with a wooden knob at the top of the handle. The metal is decorated with curved vines.
Coffee Mill
Photograph of a close up of a brown potato cut in half. Rot and dark brown lines extend throughout the potato.
Effects of Potato Blight
A violin is shown, with spruce belly; maple ribs, back, and neck; and ebony fingerboard and pegs.
Ferdinand Picard's Violin
A ribbon badge hangs from a metal pin that reads "MEMBRE." Hanging from the pin, on a red, white, and blue ribbon, is a colored metal disk with white lettering on a blue border that reads "L'UNION ST-JEAN-BAPTISTE D'AMERIQUE / FONDEE LE 7 MAI 1900", with a cross and American flag in center. An ornamental brass border is clipped to the button. Also attached to the top pin are two reversible silk ribbons sewn together at top and bottom, with gold metallic fringe at bottom. One ribbon is black with silver lettering and says "IN MEMORIAM / CONSEIL / STE. IRENE / NO. 285 / U.S.J.B.A. / SOMERSWORTH / N.H."
Union St-Jean Baptiste d'Amerique Ribbon

Photographs & Prints in this Unit:

A black and white photograph of a group of men standing among piles of wood in front of a large house. Some of the men stand on top of a wagon pulled by two horses. The wagon is filled with cut logs.
Beauregard Lumber
A black and white photograph shows a small boy in overalls and a button-down shirt standing at the opening of a big wooden doorway. He is grinning at the camera.
Boy in Doorway
A black and white drawing shows the crowded deck of a steamer ship. It is in the water with mountains and clouds in the background. The people are dressed in traveling clothes, with wrappings, coats, hats, and shawls. They crowd towards the left side of the painting to go belowdecks, although a few people stand by the railing and look out at the water. The drawing is titled "ON BOARD AN EMIGRANT SHIP--THE BREAKFAST BELL."
Breakfast Bell on Board an Emigrant Ship
A black and white photograph of a landscape with a hill in the distance and a white, small cottage in the foreground. Smoke comes out of the chimney, and there are people and livestock clustered at the front of the house. There are several smaller outbuildings scattered nearby.
Cottage in Quebec
A black and white photograph of three smiling women in knee-length dresses sitting in front of an old-fashioned car. The back window on the car has words painted on it, which read "DESCHENES MARKET/ E. JAFFREY, N.H."
Deschenes Delivery Truck
A black and white photograph of a large building with four domed towers. The building is placed along a body of water. There are several small ships placed in front of the building.
Ellis Island Immigrant Station
A black and white photograph of a large room overcrowded with people sitting on benches in sectioned off rows. There is a balcony that spans the upper floor of the room, with two people looking down from it in the upper right-hand corner. A large American flag hangs from the section of the balcony that spans the back of the room.
Ellis Island Registry Room
A black and white drawing of a group of men, women, and children waving from a shore to a departing ship with tall masts.
Emigrants Leave Ireland
A black and white photograph shows a bird’s eye view of a plot of farmland. The foreground shows a small fenced-in yard with metal fencing dividing it at a diagonal. Inside the yard are small shrubs and a small wooden shack. Beyond the fencing, in the background, are several vertical rows of crops. To the left of the fenced-in yard and the rows of crops is a dirt road, lined by rock walls and small trees. The plot of farmland is surrounded by large trees.
Farmland in New Hampshire
A black and white photograph of a building in a rural area shows many people gathered in the front of the building. They are standing on the porch, stairs, and in front of the building, and are dressed in long skirts and suits. The building is made of brick, has power lines running to it, and has a boxy appearance. At the top of it in large letters reads "F.S. HALL."
Finnish Society Hall
A black and white photograph of two churches with tall steeples. The churches are separated by a dirt road that is lined with trees and bordered by sidewalks.
Grace Episcopal Church and St. Joseph's Cathedral
A black and white photograph shows an image of workers in a granite quarry. The ground in the photograph is littered with white stones, large and small and generally angular. The rocky and chiseled sides of the quarry act as the backdrop. Two men are seated in the foreground on large white blocks of stone, with mallets and pegs. The seated men are hitting the pegs with mallets. One man stands behind them, and all three men are looking at the camera. A group of four men talk around a white block of stone in the background at the photograph’s center.
Granite Quarry Workers
A black and white photograph of a large group of children. There are some adults standing on either side of the children, as well as on the two-sided staircase in the background of the picture. Behind the children are three buildings, one of which is a church. On the left side of the group of children, there is the American flag, and on the right, the Greek flag. On the right bottom corner of the photograph, there is handwriting in cursive, citing the group’s name, their location, and date of the photograph.
Greek School Class Photo
A green field on a hill is seen in a photograph. Sheep are grazing and there are trees in the distance.
Green Fields with Sheep
A black and white drawing shows people crowded under an overhang. They sit on the ground, huddle together, or stand in groups. They are wearing traveling clothes, like long coats, shawls, head coverings, and they carry bundles. In the background is a steamer ship with a gangway being set up.
Group of Emigrants Waiting to Leave
A drawing shows the heads and shoulders of seven people, all facing right. They are wearing coats and cloaks; some have bonnets, head wrappings, or hats. They are clumped together, staring into the distance, although one woman in the middle looks at the viewer. The drawing is black and white except three accents of blue: a woman's neck scarf, a man's hat, and a person's cloak.
Group of Immigrants to the United States
Color poster with the Statue of Liberty in the background of the image. Behind her are tall buildings. There is a rainbow above her. In the foreground, on the left side, is a ship’s prow. On the right side, a man wearing early 20th century clothing faces the viewer with his heard turned to his left and his arm outstretched toward the ship’s prow. He is looking at an older woman, whose head faces the viewer. She is dressed in early 20th century clothing and her head is covered with a scarf. She carries a basket with food in it. Behind these two four people face away from the viewer, toward the Statue of Liberty. One man has removed his hat and is holding it in his hand, his arm outstretched. Another person, behind the older woman, is facing away from the Statue of Liberty. Her head is covered with a blue scarf.
Immigrants Arriving at New York
A black and white photograph of a group of men and women standing at the edge of a dock. They all look away from the camera, and out into the distance. One man is pointing with his right arm outstretched. Behind the group are large bundles and suitcases.
Immigrants on a Dock
A black and white photograph of many people standing very close to each other on a ship. The ship is in the middle of a body of water.
Immigrants on an Atlantic Liner
Black and white scene of a crowded city street. Two women stand next to a fruit vendor cart. Behind them, a shop has awning with Italian words on it. The next shop is Café Turco.
Italian Market
A black and white etching of an older man’s portrait. He is partially bald and has side-burns. He wears a collared shirt, a neck tie, and a jacket.
John Hapgood Maynard
Four men in suits stand looking at the camera. The two men in the middle are younger, and stand together. The men generally have their hands behind them, and they are looking at the camera. The backdrop has gravel, granite slabs, and a building.
John Swenson and Sons
A black and white photograph of a large stone building. There are three large arched windows on the right side of the building and one on the left side. The door of the building is in the center, framed by two ionic Greek columns and a smaller arched window above it. The door has six star-burst designs carved into it. On the front of the building, there are carved letters, stating: “LA CAISSE POPULAIRE STE-MARIE”.
La Caisse Populaire Ste-Marie (St. Mary’s Bank)
A black and white drawing of a tall man in a top hat and long-tailed coat standing in front of a large funnel. The funnel is placed over a body of water, between a piece of land marked "EUROPE" and the piece of land that the man is standing on, marked "U.S.A." The funnel has a large opening at one end and a very small opening on the other. The tall man is sliding in a card marked "GATE/3%" through a small slot towards the smaller end of the funnel. The large end of the funnel is filled to overflowing with minature people. A small group of minature people emerge from the smaller end of the funnel. The drawing's title, place along its bottom border, reads: "THE ONLY WAY TO HANDLE IT."
Limiting Immigration
The black and white photograph shows two teams of horses pulling logs in make-shift sleighs. In the foreground, two horses pull a man standing on top of a pile of logs, and in the background to the right, another man squats on a pile of logs as he drives his two horses. The horses pull their sleighs through an open area of forest. The downhill path is on uneven, snow-covered ground and moves around the remaining forested sections to provide a clear road. The ground and surrounding forest is covered in a layer of snow.
Logging Workmen and Horse Team
A colored photograph of a group of men and women walking in a parade. The man and the woman at the front of the line carry flags, the man carrying the Irish flag - which is three rectangles of green, white, and orange - and the woman carries the American flag. Behind them are three columns of people playing bagpipes. They are all dressed in green black sweaters, plaid skirts, tall black socks, black shoes, and green flat hats.
Manchester Saint Patrick's Day Parade
A black and white photograph shows a group of people, posed in five rows. They wear dark suits, or light shirts and pants. They are standing in a yard with buildings behind them. Two flags frame the group. At the bottom of the picture reads "TURN VERIN MANCHESTER / MANCHESTER NH SEPTEMBER 1888."
Manchester Turn Verein Club
A black and white photograph of a group of men and women standing in front of a store. The men wear dark colored jackets and pants, and the women wear long dresses of various designs. Above the store is a sign that reads "MIVILLE & DESCHENES." A large maple leaf sign hangs out from the awning of the store into the street.
Miville and Deschenes Store
A black and white image of a skiing competition is shown. The photograph was taken above the spectators and skiers, on top of a hill. The crowds of people are gathered around the ski slope, and a single skier is seen in the middle of the photograph. The ski slope is sectioned off by wooden fencing and several American flags are posted along the fencing. In the background, there are some farm buildings and forest in the distance. Beneath the photograph is the caption: “EASTERN SKI CHAMPIONSHIP, BERLIN, FEB. 19 AND 20”.
Nansen Ski Club Jump
A colored photograph of a group of children of multiple races, wearing soccer gear. They stand and sit on a green field with white lines drawn on it. In the background are rows of seats placed in an upward angle.
New American Soccer Club
A colored photograph of a large white, green, and blue sign in front of a forested area. The sign reads: "Welcome Bienvenue/nh/New Hampshire/LIVE FREE OR DIE."
New Hampshire Welcome Sign
A colored drawing of a tall man in a top hat, a red and white striped shirt and pants, and a long-tailed blue coat with white stars on it. In his right hand, he holds up a large American flag to reveal the Statue of Liberty on a body of water. The Statue of Liberty faces away from the viewer, overlooking a rising sun. In the upper right corner of the drawing are the words: "Picturesque/America" typed in cursive red text.
Patriotic Postcard
A black and white photograph shows five women, dressed in long skirts and head coverings, working on a farm. Two women are winnowing grain to separate the chaff from the grain. A flat pan is suspended under three poles tied together, and there is a large pile of grain under the pan.
Peasants at Work in Russia
There are five panels in a black and white drawing with a background of a town and pasture land. In the middle of the rectangular panels is written "Scythestone Works of The Pike Manufacturing Company, Pike Station, N.H." The detailed panels show the different stages of production: natural resources, a factory, a house on the bank of a river gathering power, the interior of a different factory, and a town in which people are walking through and working. It is overall a positive and attractive vision of the Pike Manufacturing Company.
Pike Manufacturing Company
A black and white photograph of a large group of men standing on a set of stairs in front of a large building. They all look directly at the camera and hold small American flags. There is a sign on the building, which reads "MAYNARD SCHOOL."
Polish Men after Naturalization Ceremony (detail)
A black and white photograph of a group of men standing in front of some trees and a large building. They all face the camera. The man in the center and the last man on the right wear dark colored suits. The other three men wear jackets and pants with animal designs on them.
President Coolidge and Native Americans
A black and white photograph of a group of men posed seated in front of the camera, though nonelook directly at the camera. They all wear dark colored suit jackets and pants, and wear long ribbons on the left side of their chests.
Saint Jean Baptiste Society Meeting
A black and white photograph shows two slides of the same image of a school house. Immediately outside the school house is a large group of boys and girls in 18th century clothing. The ages and height of the children vary. The school house is a single room, and behind the school house are some white houses.
Schoolhouse and Students in Manchester
A black and white photograph features seven women in a shoe-makers workroom. They wear dark late-1880s clothing, with aprons of differing patterns. Their hair is tied up and they stand in a line, at an angle to the camera, with one seated woman. A long, shoulder-high work bench runs along the right edge of the photograph with random scraps of garments and small boxes on it. There are various small items under the bench and hanging on the wall. The left side of the photograph has tall racks of ankle-high boots.
Shoe Factory Workers
An etching shows a soldier on a horse with weapons and his back to the viewer. He has a spear in front of six people on the ground. The people on the ground have long clothing, hats, and one has a long beard. In the background are three buildings as well as other soldiers on horses and people standing.
Soldiers Prevent Russian Peasants from Leaving a Village
A black and white photograph shows a large building made of concrete. It has a row of three doors and three windows over the doors. There is one window on top. Stone steps lead up to the doors.
Temple Israel in Portsmouth
A black and white photograph shows the interior of a textile factory. There are roughly seven machines visible on the left and nine machines are visible on the right, separated by a walking path down the middle. A group of men and women gather at the center of the photograph and are positioned in front of and in between the machinery. The rigging and pulleys of the machines can be seen on the ceiling. An empty bucket and a bucket of bobbins sits to the path’s right and left sides.
Textile Factory Workers
A colored photograph of a group of children marching in a parade. They all wear red caps, white shirts, black shorts, and white sneakers. One of the children holds a large American flag, and another holds a smaller white flag with some writing on it. The road they are walking on is lined with two- and three-storied buldings and people sitting and standing on the sidewalks.
U.S. Bicentennial Parade
A black and white drawing shows head and shoulders of a young man wearing a suit with decorative scarf tied at his neck. He has a brimmed hat worn at an angle, and his shoulders face the viewer while he looks off to the right. There is a decorative border around him, including an American flag to the left. Words around the picture says "UNCLE SAM'S YOUNGEST SON / CITIZEN / KNOW NOTHING."
Uncle Sam's Youngest Son, Citizen Know Nothing
A colored, vertical postcard of two groups of people standing on either side of a body of water. The people standing on the left side of the postcard have their arms stretched out towards the people on the right side. The people on the right side are carrying bundles. Above the people on the left is a large eagle with the American flag on its chest. It is holding a scroll with words written in another language with its claws. Above the people on the right is a double-headed eagle, which wears a crown and is holding a scepter and orb in its claws. On its chest is a red crest with a man riding a white horse on it. Behind the groups of people are three ships with large smokestacks.
Welcoming Immigrants
A black and white photograph of a group of women all dressed in long, light-colored dresses and broad-rimmed hats. Some of the women wears sashes around their shoulders, which read "VOTES FOR WOMEN" and carry American flags. The woman at the center of the photograph pushes a baby in a stroller, and there is a young girl walking behind them.
Women's Suffrage Parade
A black and white photograph shows the interior of a Jewish temple. There are three men in religious garments on a raised wooden platform with arched, short pillars. One man stands at the center of the platform, reading from a book. The other two men hold the Torah and also read from a book on either side of the man in the middle. On the ground level, a woman plays the piano in the right-hand corner of the photograph. In the background, an American flag and a flag with the Star of David hang on either side of the alter. Above the altar hangs two tablets with Hebrew written on them.
Worship at the Synagogue